Examples of archaic and inappropriate descriptors to avoid?

• A. Suffers from, afflicted with, victim of, and low/high functioning.
• B. Has a congenital disability and brain injury.
• C. Emotionally challenged.
• D. Normal and typical.

Answer: (A)

Language used to describe someone with a disability should be respectful and person-centered. The terms "suffers from," "afflicted with," "victim of," and the idea of being “low/high functioning” describe the person by the disability in a way that suggests tragedy, blame, or a single fixed deficit. This framing is outdated and can stigmatize the individual, shaping how caregivers interact with them and what they assume about their abilities.

In practice, we use neutral, person-first language and specific, context-focused descriptions. For example, noting a person has a congenital disability and a brain injury is a factual, clinical descriptor used when relevant to care. Descriptors like “emotionally challenged” are less harsh than the first set but still carry judgment and should be replaced with precise, respectful language about emotional needs or supports. Saying someone is “normal and typical” shifts focus away from the person and can imply they are not like others; it’s better to talk about the person’s strengths and areas where support is needed.